Hoʻopili ʻia ka Lewa i Hoʻololi ʻia (MAP): Nā Hui Kinoea no ka Mālama ʻana i ka Meaʻai

Ka Hoʻopili ʻana i ka Lewa i Hoʻololi ʻiaʻO (MAP) kahi ʻano mālama kahi e pani ʻia ai ka ea kūlohelohe i loko o kahi ʻeke me kahi hui i kāohi ʻia o nā kinoea - ʻo ia hoʻi ka oxygen, carbon dioxide, a me ka naikokene - e mālama i ka meaʻai hou no ka lōʻihi. Ma ka hoʻolohi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana kemika a me nā mea olaola e alakaʻi ai i ka palaho, hiki iā MAP ke hoʻolōʻihi nui i ke ola o ka papa. I nā manawa he nui, hoʻonui ia i ka hou i ʻelua a ʻelima mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻeke ea maʻamau. ʻAʻole wale kēia kūpaʻa i hoʻonui ʻia e hōʻemi i ka ʻōpala meaʻai akā kākoʻo pū i ka hoʻolaha mamao a hiki pinepine i nā mea hana ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea mālama.

Nā Hana Hana o kēlā me kēia Kinoea ma MAP

Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia kinoea i loko o kahi hui MAP i kahi hana kikoʻī:

• ʻOkikene (O₂)
Kākoʻo ka oxygen i ke kala a me ka hou i kekahi mau ʻano meaʻai. ʻO ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula, no ka laʻana, mālama i kona pigment oxymyoglobin ʻulaʻula ʻālohilohi ke hōʻike ʻia i nā pae oxygen kiʻekiʻe, ma kahi o 70-80%. No nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, hoʻohana ʻia nā liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen (ma kahi o 2-5%) e kākoʻo i ka hanu kūlohelohe. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻolalelale ka oxygen keu i ka oxidation momona a hoʻopōkole i ke ola o ka papa, no laila pono e kāohi pono ʻia kona alo.

• Kalapona Dioxide (CO₂)
Hana nui ke kalapona ʻokikene ma ke ʻano he kinoea antimicrobial. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka CO₂ i loko o ka makū ma luna o ka ʻili o ka huahana, hana ia i kahi waikawa kalapona nāwaliwali e kōkua i ke kāohi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā bacteria spoilage a me ka ʻōpala. Hilinaʻi pinepine nā hui MAP i ka 20-30% CO₂. Hiki i nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻolōʻihi hou aku i ke ola o ka papa, akā no ka mea ua komo ʻia ka CO₂ i loko o ka meaʻai, hiki ke kumu i ka hiolo ʻana o ka pūʻolo ke ʻole e kaulike ʻia me ka naikokene.

• Naikokene (N₂)
He inert ka naikokene a ʻaʻole ia e pane me ka meaʻai. ʻO kāna kumu nui ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka oxygen a me ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pūʻolo, ʻoiai ke komo ʻia ka CO₂ i loko o ka huahana. ʻO ia ka mea maʻamau e hana i ka pakeneka i koe o ka hui kinoea (pinepine 50-80%) ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pae O₂ a me CO₂.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo:

•O₂mālama i ke kala a me ka hanu ʻana,
•CO₂pale i ka ulu ʻana o nā microbes,
•N₂hāʻawi i ka leo a me ke kūpaʻa.

Pono nā meaʻai like ʻole i nā kaulike like ʻole o kēia mau kinoea, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.

ʻIʻo Maka a me ka Manu

ʻIʻo ʻUlaʻula Maka

ʻO nā ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula hou, e like me ka pipi, hipa, a me ka puaʻa - hilinaʻi pinepine ʻia i ka MAP oxygen kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻeke kūʻai liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻeke kūʻai nui i ka hui ʻana o65% O₂a me 35% CO₂ʻO ka ikaika o ka oxygen e mālama i ka ʻiʻo i ʻulaʻula ʻālohilohi, ʻoiai ʻo CO₂ e kōkua i ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria aerobic. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hōʻemi i ka oxygen ma kahi o 5% e loaʻa ai ke ola papa hou aʻe. ʻO kekahi koena o ka headspace he nitrogen a waiho ʻia paha e like me ka vacuum kokoke.

Manu Maka

ʻAʻole pono ka ʻokikene i loko o ka ʻeke no nā manu moa a me nā manu hihiu (moa, pelehū, manu lele) maʻamau. ʻO ka hui maʻamau0% O₂, ma kahi o 30% CO₂, a me 70% N₂. No ka mea, he ʻano mae wale ka ʻiʻo moa, ʻaʻole kōkua ka oxygen i ke ʻano. Hāʻawi ka CO₂ i ka kaohi microbial, ʻoiai ʻo ka nitrogen e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e mālama ka ʻeke i kona ʻano. Hoʻohana kekahi mau mea hana nui100% CO₂no ka mālama ʻana i ka nui loa.

Nā mea nui e lawe ʻia:

•Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi o nā ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula mai nā hui oxygen kiʻekiʻe no ka mālama ʻana i ke kala.
•ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā manu me kahiCO₂/N₂hui ʻana me ka ʻole o ka oxygen.

Paipai mau ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka hōʻoia hope loa.

Iʻa Hou a me nā Meaʻai Kai

ʻO ke ʻano MAP kūpono e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka wiwi o ka iʻa a i ʻole kiʻekiʻe i ka momona.

Iʻa Maka a me nā Pūpū Momona Haʻahaʻa

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano iʻa keʻokeʻo (cod, haddock, bass) a me ka hapa nui o nā pūpū (ʻōpae, mussels, scallops)30% O₂, 40% CO₂, a me 30% N₂Kōkua ka oxygen i ka mālama ʻana i ke kala kūlohelohe, hoʻolohi ka CO₂ i ka hana microbial, a hoʻopiha ka N₂ i ke koena o ka headspace. No nā ukana nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻololi i70% CO2₂/ 30% N₂no ka mālama ʻana i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia.

Iʻa Maka Momona Kiʻekiʻe

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā iʻa momona e like me ka sālemona, tuna, makarel, a me nā sardinesme ka ʻole o ka oxygenno ka mea, wikiwiki loa ka oxidize ʻana o kā lākou mau aila. ʻO kahi hui MAP maʻamau40% CO2₂a me 60% N₂Hoʻonui kekahi mau mea hana i ka CO₂ i 50-70% no ka pale hou aku. Hoʻohana pinepine ka iʻa salmon kūʻai liʻiliʻi40/60 CO₂/N₂, ʻoiai e hoʻohana paha ka tuna i 30-40% CO₂ me ka naikokene e hana ana i ke koena. Hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻeke nui70% CO2₂/ 30% N₂.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo:

•Hoʻohana pinepine nā meaʻai kai momona~30% O₂,
•Ua hilinaʻi nui ka iʻa ʻaila iCO₂/N₂nā hui ʻana me0% oxygen.

Me ka nānā ʻole i ka hui ʻana, hana maikaʻi loa ʻo MAP me ka kaohi kaulahao anu kūpono.

ʻIʻo, iʻa, a me ka manu i kuke ʻia a hoʻōla ʻia

Ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia a hoʻōla ʻia paha ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka iʻa, lilo ke kala i paʻa a neʻe ka pahuhopu i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me ka palaho microbial.

ʻIʻo i moʻa ʻia a i hoʻōla ʻia paha

ʻO nā mea e like me ka ham, sausages, a me ka salami e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia30% CO2₂/ 70% N₂No nā noi nui a hoʻokuʻu aku paha, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka CO₂ i50% CO2₂/ 50% N₂Mālama ʻia ka oxygen ma ka ʻole.

Iʻa i puhi ʻia a i hoʻōla ʻia paha

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka iʻa sālemona puhi a me nā huahana like30% CO2₂/ 70% N₂i loko o nā pā kūʻai liʻiliʻi. No ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa lōʻihi, he70/30 CO₂/N₂hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hui ʻana.

Manu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia/hoʻōla ʻia

Ua hahai like nā huahana pipi a moa paha i ʻoki ʻia i hana ʻia:

•Kūʻai liʻiliʻi:30% CO2₂/ 70% N₂
•Nui:70% CO2₂/ 30% N₂

Ma waena o kēia māhele, ua mau ka oxygen0%.

Nā Meaʻai Mākaukau a me nā Meaʻai Hui Pū ʻia

ʻO nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e like me nā kīʻaha pasta, stews, a i ʻole pizzas ua hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia meMAP ʻole oxygenʻO ka hui maʻamau30% CO2₂/ 70% N₂No ka hoʻokuʻu aku a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i hoʻonui ʻia, hiki i nā mea hana ke koho50% CO2₂/ 50% N₂.

Hoʻolohi kēia mau hui ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā microbial ma o kahi hui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa nui o nā meaʻai i mākaukau ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā lakio mua ma ke ʻano he mau kuhikuhi a pono e hōʻoia ʻia ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

Nā huahana pasta a me nā mea hana berena

Pasta Hou

ʻO ka pasta hou, maka ʻole (e like me ka ravioli, noodles, a i ʻole tortellini) e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ma lalo o kahi50% CO2₂/ 50% N₂hui ʻana. Ua pale loa ʻia ka oxygen.

Nā Huahana Pāpala

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka berena, nā bun, nā tortillas, a me nā keke ma luna o50% CO2₂/ 50% N₂ma ke kūʻai liʻiliʻi. No ka hāʻawi nui ʻana, hiki ke piʻi aʻe ka CO₂ i70%(70% CO₂ / 30% N₂). Pale ka naikokene i ka hiolo ʻana o ka ʻōpala, ʻoiai ʻo CO₂ e pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpala. Noho kokoke ka oxygen i ka ʻole e pale ai i ka pala a i ʻole ka pilau.

Kīhi (Paʻakikī, Palupalu, Wili ʻia)

Nā Kīhi Paʻakikī a ʻElemakule paha

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā huahana e like me Parmesan a i ʻole Cheddar kahiko me100% CO₂a i ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka vacuum. He mea kūpono loa kēia ʻano hana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻōpala.

Nā tīhi palupalu a haehae ʻia

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka tīhi kirīmi, Brie, tīhi hale liʻiliʻi, a me ka mozzarella i haehae ʻia30% CO2₂/ 70% N₂Hoʻopaʻa ka naikokene i ka ʻōpala, ʻoiai ʻo CO₂ e hōʻemi ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā microbial.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo:

•Nā tīhi paʻakikī →100% CO₂
•Kīhi palupalu a ʻokiʻoki ʻia →30% CO2₂/ 70% N₂

Nā mea kanu, nā salakeke, a me nā huaʻai

Huaʻai Hou Holoʻokoʻa

ʻO nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu holoʻokoʻa e pono ai ke kaulike palupalu e kākoʻo ana i ka hanu ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka palaho. ʻO ka hui MAP maʻamau5% O₂, 5% CO₂, a me 90% N₂Hoʻolohi kēia wahi haʻahaʻa-oxygen i ka hanu ʻana a me ka ʻeleʻele ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia hui ʻana no nā salakeke, nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā hua, a me nā hua ʻokiʻoki.

Nā mea kanu i moʻa ʻia a ʻoki ʻia paha

Hana like nā mea kanu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou30% CO2₂/ 70% N₂me ka ʻole o ka oxygen. Hana maikaʻi kēia ʻano hana no nā mea e like me nā salakeke ʻuala a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea ʻai lau nahele i hui ʻia.

Manaʻo nui:

Pono nā mea kanu hou i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen (~5%), ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kanu i moʻa ʻia e hilinaʻi nei i ka CO₂ kiʻekiʻe (~30%).

Nā Meaʻai Maloʻo

ʻO nā mea maloʻo e like me ke kofe, nā nati, nā meaʻai māmā, nā kī, nā mea ʻala, a me ka palaoa e hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia me100% N₂Kāohi ka naikokene i ka oxidation a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola papa.

Ke koho ʻana i nā lako MAP (DJPACK)

He mea nui ka hoʻohuihui kinoea pololei no ka MAP maikaʻi. Hana ʻo DJPACK (Wenzhou Dajiang) i nā ʻano sila pā MAP i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka holoi kinoea pololei. ʻO ka papa ʻainaDJT-400Ga me ke kū ʻana ma ka papaheleDJL-400Vhiki ke hāʻawi i nā lakio O₂/CO₂/N₂ kūlike e like me nā pono o nā meaʻai like ʻole - mai nā ʻiʻo hou a hiki i nā meaʻai mākaukau a i ʻole nā ​​​​salakeke. Loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona no kāu mau pono. Inā makemake ʻoe i kā mākou mīkini, e kaomi iā "Nā Huahana→Nā Mīkini Hoʻopili Lewa i Hoʻololi ʻiapihi ” no ka ʻike hou aku.

Me ka ʻoi aku o 30 mau makahiki o ka ʻike ma nā mīkini hoʻopili, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lako DJPACK e nā mea hana maʻEulopa, ʻAukekulelia, Asia, a me nā mākeke i hoʻomohala ʻia ʻē aʻeʻAʻohe mea i ka lakio kinoea a ka mea kūʻai aku e koi ai, hiki i kā mākou lako ke hoʻokō iā ia, a ʻo ka pololei o ke kāwili ʻana i ke kinoea e mau ana ma luna99%ʻOurHoʻopili mau nā mīkini MAP Hoʻololi Vacuum99.5%.

Palekana, Hoʻāʻo, a me ka Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Kūlana

He mau alakaʻi nā lakio MAP—ʻaʻole nā ​​​​lula paʻa. Pili ka hana maoli i ka hoʻohuihui huahana, nā mea hoʻopili, ka mahana, a me nā kūlana mālama. No kēia kumu, pono i kēlā me kēia mea hana ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua ola papa maoli e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka hui MAP i koho ʻia i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia.

He mea nui like nā ana hōʻoia maikaʻi e like me ka ʻike ʻana i ka leaka a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kinoea headspace. Hiki i kahi leaka liʻiliʻi ke hoʻopilikia i ka lewa i loko o ka pūʻolo. Pono e hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo MAP me ka hoʻomaʻalili kūpono, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me nā hana lawelawe.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻōlelo:

ʻO nā lakio kinoea i loko o kēia alakaʻi he mau wahi hoʻomaka i manaʻo ʻia. E hōʻoia mau i nā hui ʻana ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka huahana.

Hopena

ʻO ka Modified Atmosphere Packaging e hiki ai i nā mea hana meaʻai ke hoʻolohi i ka palaho ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kaiapuni i loko o ka pūʻolo. Kōkua ka oxygen i ka mālama ʻana i ke kala, kāohi ke kalapona dioxide i ka ulu ʻana o nā microbial, a hoʻopaʻa ka nitrogen i ka pūʻolo. Ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā loina i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakuhi gas-mix, hiki i nā mea hana ke koho i nā hui hoʻomaka kūpono no nā ʻiʻo, nā meaʻai kai, ka tīhi, nā mea kanu, nā mea bakena, nā meaʻai mākaukau, a me nā mea hou aku.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o MAP ke hui pū ʻia me nā mīkini pololei a me ka kaohi maikaʻi paʻa. Ke hoʻokō pono ʻia, hōʻoia ia e noho hou nā huahana, palekana, a mākaukau no ka mākeke - e kākoʻo ana i nā kaulahao lako lōʻihi me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ʻōpala.

Hōʻuluʻulu nā ʻōlelo paipai ma kēia ʻatikala i nā hana maʻamau o ka ʻoihana a me nā alakaʻi ʻepekema. Pono e hoʻokumu mau ʻia nā hoʻonohonoho MAP hope loa ma nā hoʻāʻo huahana a kēlā me kēia mea kūʻai aku a me nā koi mālama.